Identifying the Driving Factors and Individual Attachment to Terrorist Groups: A Case Study of a Former JAD Member

Authors

  • Admiral Ariyanta Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Sapto Priyanto Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Imam Subandi Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54298/ijith.v4i2.509

Keywords:

Driving Factors, Attachment, Radicalization, Terror, JAD

Abstract

Terrorist radicalization has become a tangible threat to global security, including in Indonesia, as many individuals remain exposed to radical ideologies and join terrorist groups. This study aims to understand the driving factors behind individuals' decisions to enter and the causes of their attachment to terrorist groups, using the case study of SMA (a former member of JAD). This research employs a qualitative method through direct interviews with SMA. The findings indicate that terrorism radicalization is a gradual process of transformation involving changes in worldview, identity shifts, and strengthened loyalty to the group, culminating in an individual's readiness to carry out acts of terror. In the case of SMA, social injustice and relative deprivation, particularly towards state institutions, served as driving factors for joining a terrorist group. The study also finds that individual attachment to terrorist groups may be influenced by psychological, social, and emotional aspects, wherein the terrorist group can serve as an ideological “home” for its members, and the “Ustad” within the group may function as an ideological “father.” Therefore, deradicalization programs should not only focus on ideology or the fulfillment of economic needs but also consider psychological and social aspects. This is because the driving factors and stages of radicalization for each terrorist group member are unique, thus requiring differentiated handling approaches.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, T. (2024). Conceptualising The Waves of Islamist Radicalisation in The UK. Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 32(3), 705–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2023.2204421

Anshori, A. B., Napang, M., & Nurhasanah, S. (2020). The Threat of Economic Recession and Its Impact on Global Terrorism. Journal of Terrorism Studies, 2(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.7454/jts.v2i1.1014

Arianti, V. (2017). Aman Abdurrahman: Ideologue and ‘Commander’ of IS Supporters in Indonesia. Counter Terrorist Trends and Analyses, 9(2), 4–9. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26351493

Asrori, S. (2019). Mengikuti Panggilan Jihad; Argumentasi Radikalisme dan Ekstremisme di Indonesia. JURNAL AQLAM-Journal of Islam and Plurality, 4(1), 118–133. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30984/ajip.v4i1.911

Awan, A. N., & Lewis, J. R. (2023). Radicalisation: A Global and Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press.

BNPT. (2022, December 28). Partisipasi Aktif Masyarakat Mendorong Penurunan Indeks Resiko dan Indeks Potensi Radikalisme dan Terorisme Tahun 2022. Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Terorisme (BNPT). https://www.bnpt.go.id/partisipasi-aktif-masyarakat-mendorong-penurunan-indeks-resiko-dan-indeks-potensi-radikalisme-dan-terorisme-tahun-2022

Borg, L. ter. (2018). The Effect of Counterterrorism on Terrorism: A Case Study of Indonesian Jihadi Groups [Master's Thesis]. Leiden University.

Borum, R. (2011). Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A Review of Social Science Theories. Source: Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 7–36. https://doi.org/10.2307/26463910

CNN Indonesia. (2023, August 4). Densus Total Tangkap 5 Tersangka Pelaku Bom Polsek Astana Anyar. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20230804140551-12-981977/densus-total-tangkap-5-tersangka-pelaku-bom-polsek-astana-anyar

Dahniel, M. R. A. (2023). Memahami Ancaman Radikalisme dan Terorisme di Indonesia.

Della Porta, Donatella. (2006). Social Movements, Political Violence, and the State : A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. Cambridge University Press.

Faturochman. (1998). Deprivasi Relatif : Rasa Keadilan dan Kondisi Psikologis Buruh Pabrik. Jurnal Psikologi UGM, 25, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpsi.7500

Forsyth, D. R. (2014). Group Dynamics. University of Richmond Scholarship Repository. http://scholarship.richmond.edu/bookshelf

Gindarsah, I., & Widjajanto, A. (2021). TILIK DATA “Pola 552 Serangan Teror di Indonesia.” www.lab45.id

Gurr, T. (1968). Psychological Factors in Civil Violence. World Politics, 20(2), 245–278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2009798

Hadi Isnanto, S. (2015). Berbagai Masalah dan Tantangan Radikalisasi dan Deradikalisasi Terorisme di Indonesia. Jurnal Pertahanan Dan Bela Negara, 5(2), 225–244. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v5i2.366

Hollewell, G. F., & Longpré, N. (2022). Radicalization in the Social Media Era: Understanding the Relationship Between Self-Radicalization and The Internet. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 66(8), 896–913. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211028771

Huda, A. Z. (2019). Terrorism Studies Melawan Radikalisme Melalui Kontra Narasi Online. Journal of Terrorism Studies, 1(2). http://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasio

IEP. (2024). Global Terrorism Index 2024. www.economicsandpeace.org

Isnawan, F. (2018). Program Deradikalisasi Radikalisme dan Terorisme Melalui Nilai-Nilai Luhur Pancasila. Fikri : Jurnal Kajian Agama, Sosial Dan Budaya, 3(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.25217/jf.v3i1

Latifa, R. (2012). Penanganan Terorisme: Perspektif Psikologi. Psikologika : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 17, 5–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol17.iss2.art1

Meleagrou-Hitchens, A., & Kaderbhai, N. (2017). Research Perspectives On Online Radicalisation: A Literature Review, 2006-2016.

Moghaddam, F. M. (2005). The Staircase to Terrorism: A Psychological Exploration. American Psychologist, 60(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.2.161

Moyano, M., Kruglanski, A. W., & Trujillo, H. M. (2022). Processes of Radicalization, Violent Extremism and Terrorism. International Journal of Social Psychology, 37(3), 492–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2022.2083294

Mustofa, I., & Mahmudah. (2019). Radikalisasi dan Deradikalisasi Pemahaman Islam (Tubagus Ali Rachman Puja Kesuma, Ed.; 1st ed.). Metrouniv Press.

Nuraniyah, N., & Solahudin. (2023). From Non-Violent to Violent Radicalization and Vice Versa: Three Case Studies from Indonesia. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2023.2296236

Nurfadliyati, & Kusmana. (2021). Radikalisasi Makna Jihad di Era Modern: Studi Kasus Penafsiran QS. Al-Taubah: 73 Menurut Sayyid Qutb dan Abu A’la al-Maududi. Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies, 10(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.15408/quhas.v10i2.19829

Pavlova, E. (2007). From a Counter-Society to a Counter-State Movement : Jemaah Islamiyah According to PUPJI. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30(9), 777–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100701501984

Pettigrew, T. F., Christ, O., Wagner, U., Meertens, R. W., Van Dick, R., & Zick, A. (2008). Relative Deprivation and Intergroup Prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 64(2), 385–401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00567

Purwaningtyastuti, & Savitri, A. D. (2020). Kohesivitas Kelompok Ditinjau dari Interaksi Sosial dan Jenis Kelamin Pada Anak-Anak Panti Asuhan. Philanthropy Journal of Psychology, 4 (2), 118–127. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v4i2.2616

Rihadatul Aisy, B., Oktarina Ibrahim, D., Khatimah Haruna Intang, K., & Anastasia Tindage, M. (2019). Penegakan Kontra Radikalisasi melalui Media Sosial oleh Pemerintah dalam Menangkal Radikalisme. Jurnal Hukum Magnum Opus Februari, 2(1).

RSIS, See, S., & Soliev, N. (2018). Jamaah Ansharud Daulah and the Terrorist Threat in Indonesia. A Journal of The International Centre For Political Violence and Terrorism Research (ICPVTR), 10(4). www.rsis.edu.sg

Safitri, A., & Andrianto, S. (2016). Hubungan antara Kohesivitas dengan Intensi Perilaku Agresi Pada Suporter Sepak Bola. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 1 (2), 11–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v1i2.564

Sahal, A. M., & Bayuseto, A. (2022). Menakar Sejarah Gerakan Radikalisme Islam serta Upaya Pemerintah dalam Mengatasinya. FOCUS, 2(2), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.26593/focus.v2i2.5406

Santhoso, F. H., & Hakim, M. A. (2012). Deprivasi Relatif dan Prasangka Antar Kelompok. JURNAL PSIKOLOGI, 39(1), 121–128.

Schmid, A. P. (2013). Radicalisation, De-Radicalisation, Counter-Radicalisation: A Conceptual Discussion and Literature Review. International Centre for Counter-Terrorism Research Paper, 97, 22. http://www.icct.nl/download/file/

Sholihin, M. (2023, December 29). Riset BNPT 2023 : Wanita dan Gen Z Rentan Terpapar Radikalisme. Detik.Com. https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7115325/riset-bnpt-2023-wanita-dan-gen-z-rentan-terpapar-radikalisme

Siagian, H. (2020, January 18). Survei Wahid Institute: Intoleransi-Radikalisme Cenderung Naik. Media Indonesia. https://mediaindonesia.com/politik-dan-hukum/284269/survei-wahid-institute-intoleransi-radikalisme-cenderung-naik

Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (19th ed.). ALFABETA.

Tahir, I., & Tahir, M. I. (2020). Perkembangan Pemahaman Radikalisme di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Pemerintahan Daerah, XII, 74–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33701/jiapd.v12i2.1360

Tanshzil, W., Suryadi, K., Komalasari, K., Anggraeni, L., & Wahyuni, S. (2023). Radicalism of University Students: An Analysis of Causal Factors and Models of Radicalization. TARBAWY: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education, 10(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.17509/t.v10i1.57271

Ulaş, G. (2024). Encounters with ISIS-Affiliated Women: Radicalisation Process, Motivations, and Their Journey. Small Wars and Insurgencies. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2024.2338498

Veldhuis, Tinka., & Staun, Jørgen. (2009). Islamist Radicalisation : A Root Cause Model. Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael.

Vergani, M., Iqbal, M., Ilbahar, E., & Barton, G. (2020). The Three Ps of Radicalization: Push, Pull and Personal. A Systematic Scoping Review of the Scientific Evidence about Radicalization Into Violent Extremism. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 43(10), 854. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2018.1505686

Widya, B. (2020). Pemahaman Takfiri terhadap Kelompok Teror di Indonesia Studi Komparasi Jamaah Islamiyah dan Jamaah Ansharut Daulah. Jurnal Studi Diplomasi Dan Keamanan, 12, 76–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31315/jsdk.v12i2.3525

Wilner, A. S., & Dubouloz, C. J. (2010). Homegrown Terrorism and Transformative Learning: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Understanding Radicalization. Global Change, Peace and Security, 22(1), 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781150903487956

Downloads

Published

2025-09-01

How to Cite

Ariyanta, A., Priyanto, S., & Subandi, I. (2025). Identifying the Driving Factors and Individual Attachment to Terrorist Groups: A Case Study of a Former JAD Member . International Journal of Islamic Thought and Humanities, 4(2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.54298/ijith.v4i2.509