Redefining Consent in Digital Contracts through Electronic Signatures in Islamic Law

Authors

  • Mu'adil Faizin Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
  • Souad Ezzerouali Dhofar University, Oman
  • Abubakar Muhammad Jibril Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
  • Raha Bahari Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54298/ijith.v4i2.637

Keywords:

digital contracts, electronic signatures, ijab-qabul, islamic contract law

Abstract

Academic debate on the validity of digital contracts persists, particularly concerning whether electronic signatures can substitute ijab-qabul in Islamic law. This study examines the status of electronic signatures in Islamic contract law and Indonesian regulations by integrating normative legal analysis with an empirical survey of 29 business practitioners across Indonesia who employ digital contracts. The results demonstrate that 82% of respondents consider electronic signatures legally binding under current norms, 76% regard them as fully equivalent to handwritten signatures in representing contractual consent, and 88% affirm their role in enhancing trust and efficiency in transactions. These findings confirm that the essential principles of consent, object clarity, and party competence are preserved in digital form while aligning with statutory recognition in Indonesian law. The study contributes to contemporary Islamic contract law by providing empirical evidence that reinforces theoretical arguments, offering doctrinal insight and practical implications for developing sharia-compliant digital contracts in the digital age.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad, A. A., Mat Zain, M. N., & Zakaria, N. D. A. (2024). The Position of Smart Contracts in the Light of Islamic Contract Theory. Samarah, 8(1), 144–171. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.16372

Al-Nawawi. (1990). Al-Majmu’ Sharh al-muhadhdhab. Dar Al-Fikr. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Al_Majmu_Sharh_al_muhadhdhab.html?id=mmajtAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Al-Sarakhsi, M. ibn A. (1993). Kitab al-mabsut. Dar al-Ma’arifah. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Kitab_al_mabsut.html?id=KzRLwAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Alanesi, A. H. G. (2024). Electronic Contract Controls In Islamic Jurisprudence and Law. Syura: Journal of Law, 2(2), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.58223/SYURA.V2I2.262

Aljneibi, K. (2014). The scope of electronic transactions and electronic evidence in the courts of the United Arab Emirates. Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review, 11(0). https://doi.org/10.14296/DEESLR.V11I0.2123

Arwan, M. E. F., & Tjempaka, T. (2023). Tinjauan Hukum Penerapan Tanda Tangan Digital dalam Transaksi Bisnis. Pamulang Law Review, 6(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.32493/PALREV.V6I1.33376

Atiyah, G. A., Manap, N. A., Ibrahim, A. I., & Rahman, A. (2024). Legitimacy of Smart Contracts from the Perspective of Islamic Law: A Case Study of Blockchain Transactions. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 9(1), 155–192. https://doi.org/10.29240/JHI.V9I1.8726

Basir, Matompo, O. S., & Maisa. (2022). The Legality of Electronic Signature (Digital Signature) Judging from Civil Procedure Law. Indonesian Research Journal in Legal Studies, 1(01), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.31934/IRJILS.V1I01.2750

Bassan, F., & Rabitti, M. (2024). From smart legal contracts to contracts on blockchain: An empirical investigation. Computer Law & Security Review, 55, 106035. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CLSR.2024.106035

Ezzerouali, S., Khudayer Abdulabbas Alhadrawi, A., Khudhair Al-Hadrawi, K., Khudhair Alhadrawi, B., & Khaled Aldhalmi, H. (2025). Rivers rights in Islamic law: between implicit recognition of legal personality and sustainable use regulation. Journal of Property Planning, and Environmental Law. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPPEL-11-2024-0054

Faizin, M. (2022). Hukum Perikatan Islam Di Indonesia. Kolaborasi Pustaka Warga. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ILXLDwAAQBAJ

Faizin, M. (2023). Digital Employment Contract Practices (Contentpreuner – Mediapreuner) Media Industry in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kenotariatan, 7(4), 226–238. https://doi.org/10.33474/HUKENO.V7I4.20802

Faizin, M., Zahra, D. T., Lutfina, L., & Riyandani, S. (2024). An Analysis Of Employment Termination For Freelance Workers: A Justice Approach From Islamic Economic Law. ASAS, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.24042/ASAS.V16I1.22571

Hukum Perikatan Islam Di Indonesia. (2022). Kolaborasi Pustaka Warga. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ILXLDwAAQBAJ

Lubis, I. H. (2023). the Pillars and Conditions of a Contract in Muamalat Transactions. Mu’amalah : Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, 2(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.32332/muamalah.v2i1.6983

Munawar, M. (2022). The Legality of Smart Contract in the Perspectives of Indonesian Law and Islamic Law. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 7(1 May), 265–286. https://doi.org/10.29240/JHI.V7I1.4140

Nur, Z. R. F., Rabbiana, I. N. N., Diba, T., & Fitroh, F. (2023). TikTok Shop: Unveiling the Evolution from Social Media to Social Commerce and its Computational Impact on Digital Marketing. Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (JCSE), 4(2), 88–96. https://doi.org/10.36596/jcse.v4i2.512

Nurhadi, N. (2019). The Importance of Maqashid Sharia as a Theory In Islamic Economic Business Operations. International Journal of Islamic Business and Economics (IJIBEC), 3(2), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.28918/ijibec.v3i2.1635

Pamungkas, S., Faizin, M., & SA Ukkasah. (2024). Integrating Maqasid al-Shariah into Legal Policies for Hybrid Working: Enhancing Flexibility and Protecting Employee Rights in Indonesia. Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law & Practice, 2024, 20(3). https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=17423945&AN=181002304&h=bDZNmbGAttqO3XZc6MiZ7aYYDj%2FBPt2PBjPimi6lBLi6gH5A1FtiuSNRFHhi23A%2Flk7W%2FiGI7Jzoj9K4DpzYpA%3D%3D&crl=c

Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 11 Tahun 2022 tentang Tata Kelola Penyelenggaraan Sertifikasi Elektronik. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/833/t/peraturan+menteri+komunikasi+dan+informatika+nomor+11+tahun+2022

PP No. 71 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/122030/pp-no-71-tahun-2019

Qudamah, I. (1997). Al-Mughni. Dar Alam al-Kutub. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Al_Mughni.html?id=yRghzQEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Qutieshat, E. (2019). The Use of Electronic Signature in Validation of Electronic Contracts from the Jordanian Perspective. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 89(2), 2224–3240. https://doi.org/10.7176/jlpg/89-09

Soualhi, Y. (n.d.). Shariah issues-Smart Contract, DeFI & NFT.

UU No. 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. (n.d.). Retrieved September 11, 2025, from https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/274494/uu-no-1-tahun-2024

Wan Ismail, W. A. F., Baharuddin, A. S., Mutalib, L. A., & Aiman Alias, M. A. (2021). An Appraisal of Digital Documents as Evidence in Islamic Law. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(3), 198. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0076

Zuhayli al-wahbah. (1989). Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa-Adillatuh - Wahbah al- Zuhayli - Google Buku. https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Al_Fiqh_al_Islami_wa_Adillatuh.html?id=68byzAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

Downloads

Published

2025-10-07

How to Cite

Faizin, M., Souad Ezzerouali, Abubakar Muhammad Jibril, & Raha Bahari. (2025). Redefining Consent in Digital Contracts through Electronic Signatures in Islamic Law. International Journal of Islamic Thought and Humanities, 4(2), 384–393. https://doi.org/10.54298/ijith.v4i2.637