Kedudukan Hukum Orang Tua Angkat Sebagai Penerima Harta Waris Anak Angkat Perspektif Kompilasi Hukum Islam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54298/tarunalaw.v4i2.1078Keywords:
Adoptive parent, wasiat wajibah, Compilation of Islamic Law, Islamic inheritance law, nasabAbstract
This study examines the legal position of adoptive parents (orang tua angkat) as recipients of inheritance from a deceased adopted child under the perspective of the Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Unlike the prevailing discourse that centers on an adopted child’s right to the estate of adoptive parents, this article addresses the reverse and less-examined situation, namely an adopted child who dies first while already possessing self-acquired wealth. Using a normative-juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study finds that Islamic inheritance law excludes adoptive parents from the class of primary heirs because inheritance rights rest exclusively on three causes, namely nasab, lawful marriage, and wala’, none of which arises from tabanni. Article 209 of the KHI closes this gap by granting adoptive parents a civil right in the form of wasiat wajibah, capped at one-third of the estate, without displacing the fixed shares of nasabiyah heirs. The article concludes that wasiat wajibah, constructed through qiyas and maslahah mursalah, operates as a proportionate instrument of substantive justice that reconciles the certainty of nasab-based inheritance with the socio-economic reality of adoptive parenting, though its judicial application still requires firmer interpretive standards.
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