Hak Waris Anak yang Lahir di Luar Perkawinan
Antara Keadilan Sosial dan Norma Hukum Positif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54298/tarunalaw.v3i02.1094Keywords:
children born out of wedlock, positive law, Constitutional Court Decision 46/2010, islamic lawAbstract
The status of children born out of wedlock remains one of the most contested issues in Indonesian family law, situated at the intersection of religious normativity, positive law, and constitutional guarantees of equality before the law. This study examines the inheritance rights of children born outside a legally recognized marriage by analyzing the tension between the value of social justice and the formal provisions of Indonesian positive law, particularly the Civil Code (KUHPerdata), Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, the Compilation of Islamic Law (Kompilasi Hukum Islam), and Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Employing a normative-juridical method with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches, the study finds that Indonesian positive law continues to differentiate the legal status of children born within and outside marriage, particularly with respect to inheritance rights from the biological father. Constitutional Court Decision 46/2010 expanded the civil relationship between a child born out of wedlock and his or her biological father, yet its implementation before the religious courts remains inconsistent because inheritance under the Compilation of Islamic Law is still anchored to nasab (lineage), which is only established through a valid marriage. Comparative observation of Malaysia and Egypt shows a similar normative tension, mediated through instruments functionally comparable to wasiat wajibah. The study argues that reconciling social justice with legal certainty requires reinterpreting nasab within a maqashid al-shari'ah framework that protects the welfare of the child (hifz al-nasl), reinforced by the child's rights principles under the Convention on the Rights of the Child, without abandoning the normative structure of Islamic inheritance law, and recommends the consistent, codified use of wasiat wajibah as a transitional legal instrument pending statutory harmonization
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